Il convient néanmoins de nuancer la singularité de l'UE, qui ne fait qu'accentuer et organiser selon ses propres paramètres les évolutions générales de la gouvernance (II) et de la communication politique (III).
Il existe de nombreux modèles théoriques mettant en exergue les particularités de l'UE, chacun soulignant de manière plus complémentaire que contradictoire des aspects de sa légitimation (I).
The importance of emotions to understanding the dynamics of intergroup conflict, and in Northern Ireland in particular, is also discussed. The results of the study are interpreted as consistent with appraisal and intergroup emotions theory which suggests the strongest emotional responses are evidenced in response to symbols of one's own group. Weaker emotional responses and different emotions were reported in response to out‐group flags. Emotional responses to in‐group flags were significantly related to both strength of national identification and the type of emotion, annoyed, hopeful, satisfied, or uneasy, under consideration. The strength of identification with preferred national group, British, Irish, or Northern Irish, was also measured. 1,179 respondents reported their self‐categorized national identity, as well as explicit emotional responses to both in‐group and out‐group flags. In this study, using a large scale sample in Northern Ireland, emotional responses to the in‐group and out‐group flags and their relationship to national identities are considered. In societies affected by conflict, where the nation itself is contested, emotional responses to national symbols however, have the potential to be divisive. Emotional responses are seen as being particularly important in driving allegiances to flags. Flags can be thought of as representations designed to unite the national community.
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